{"id":3713,"date":"2020-08-19T18:14:35","date_gmt":"2020-08-19T17:14:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/?page_id=3713"},"modified":"2023-01-04T20:21:53","modified_gmt":"2023-01-04T19:21:53","slug":"nomothetic-research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/research-methodology\/paradigms\/nomothetic-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Nomothetic research"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_71 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Page contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #2140ce;color:#2140ce\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #2140ce;color:#2140ce\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/research-methodology\/paradigms\/nomothetic-research\/#A_nomothetic_research_paradigm\" title=\"A nomothetic research paradigm\">A nomothetic research paradigm<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/research-methodology\/paradigms\/nomothetic-research\/#The_erklaren_tradition\" title=\"The erkl&auml;ren tradition\">The erkl&auml;ren tradition<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-5\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-5\"><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-5\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-5\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/research-methodology\/paradigms\/nomothetic-research\/#Biology_as_nomothetic_science\" title=\"Biology as nomothetic science\">Biology as nomothetic science<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/research-methodology\/paradigms\/nomothetic-research\/#Sources_cited\" title=\"Sources cited:\">Sources cited:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>A topic in <a href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/research-methodology\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"3149\">research methodology<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_nomothetic_research_paradigm\"><\/span>A nomothetic research paradigm<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Research in one of the major traditions, or <a data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"3705\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/research-methodology\/paradigms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">paradigms<\/a>, of research is often referred to as <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;nomothetic&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;concerned with general patterns and norms, with laws(often contrasted with ideographic)&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/nomothetic\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">nomothetic<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&quot;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;nomothetic&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;concerned with general patterns and norms, with laws(often contrasted with ideographic)&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/nomothetic\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">Nomothetic<\/a> research looks for general patterns and rules that once discovered will be expected to be widely applicable; whereas <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;idiographic&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;concerned with the individual case - research that seeks to learn about the individual as a complex entity in its own termsidiographic research values the individuality of specific examples, often contrasted with nomothetic research which looks for the typical patterns (and ideally &amp;#039;laws&amp;#039;)Visit web-page: Idiographic research&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/ideographic\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">idiographic<\/a> research recognises value in exploring the idiosyncrasies of the unique individual case&quot; (Taber, 2013: 45)<\/p>\n<cite><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/publications\/books\/classroom-based-research-and-evidence-based-practice\/\" target=\"_blank\">Taber, 2013<\/a>: 45<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;nomothetic&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;concerned with general patterns and norms, with laws(often contrasted with ideographic)&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/nomothetic\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">Nomothetic<\/a> research is often contrasted with <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;idiographic&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;concerned with the individual case - research that seeks to learn about the individual as a complex entity in its own termsidiographic research values the individuality of specific examples, often contrasted with nomothetic research which looks for the typical patterns (and ideally &amp;#039;laws&amp;#039;)Visit web-page: Idiographic research&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/ideographic\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">idiographic<\/a> research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&quot;Windelband (1904) introduced his famous polarity in order to distinguish between two kinds of science, not between science and nonscience. The two kinds of science were what he called &quot;sciences of law&quot; (Gesetzeswissenschafren) and &quot;sciences of events&quot; (Ereigniswissenschaften). The former were &quot;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;nomothetic&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;concerned with general patterns and norms, with laws(often contrasted with ideographic)&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/nomothetic\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">nomothetic<\/a>&quot;, the latter &quot;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;idiographic&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;concerned with the individual case - research that seeks to learn about the individual as a complex entity in its own termsidiographic research values the individuality of specific examples, often contrasted with nomothetic research which looks for the typical patterns (and ideally &amp;#039;laws&amp;#039;)Visit web-page: Idiographic research&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/ideographic\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">idiographic<\/a>,&quot; but they were both sciences, both explanatory, although in different ways.&quot; <\/p>\n<cite>Danziger, 1995: 115<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_erklaren_tradition\"><\/span>The erkl&auml;ren tradition<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Some times the term '<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;erkl&auml;ren&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;a German term relating to causal explanation, and often contrasted to&nbsp;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;verstehen&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt; which refers to interpretive understanding, which is sometimes used to describe a research tradition or stance&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/erklaren\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">erkl&auml;ren<\/a>' (often contrasted with '<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;verstehen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;a German term relating to interpretive understanding, and often contrasted to &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;erkl&auml;ren&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt; which refers to causal explanation, which is sometimes used to describe a research tradition or stance&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/verstehen\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">verstehen<\/a>') is used to describe research looking for law-like regularities:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&quot;The scientist who engages in <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;erkl&auml;ren&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;a German term relating to causal explanation, and often contrasted to&nbsp;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;verstehen&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt; which refers to interpretive understanding, which is sometimes used to describe a research tradition or stance&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/erklaren\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">erkl&auml;ren<\/a> tries to make explanatory sense of the phenomenon by finding the laws that govern it, whereas the scientist who engages in <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;verstehen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;a German term relating to interpretive understanding, and often contrasted to &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;erkl&auml;ren&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt; which refers to causal explanation, which is sometimes used to describe a research tradition or stance&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/verstehen\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">verstehen<\/a> tries to make empathetic sense of the phenomenon by looking for the perspective from which the phenomenon appears to be meaningful and appropriate.&quot;<\/p>\n<cite>Bransen, 2001<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A related term is 'nomology' (a 'science of laws'), as when the philosopher Jean Cavaill&egrave;s suggested that <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&quot;Only a <em>nomological <\/em>theory allows us to define in a univocal way the system of objects that constitutes its domain.&quot;<\/p>\n<cite>Cavaill&egrave;s, 1942\/2021, p.126<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Biology_as_nomothetic_science\"><\/span>Biology as nomothetic science<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Modern biology is seen as a natural science, but had to develop from a largely descriptive natural history tradition. The work of one pioneer (<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Biographical notes\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Uexk&uuml;ll, Jakob von&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Jakob von Uexk&uuml;ll &amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;(1864 - 1944) was a German biologist. He had an interest in how different animals experienced their subjective environments (Unwelten) given how an animal&amp;#039;s Unwelt depended upon its scale and sensory modalities. He recognised the importance of feedback in living systems.Uexk&uuml;ll was an early supporter of Adolf Hitler and the Nazis when Hitler fist came to power in Germany, and it is not entirely clear to what extent he supported, accepted or opposed the Militarist, Fascist, and Racist policies developed as part of the &amp;#039;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Third Reich&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/biographical-notes\/uexkull-jakob-von\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#d9eef7\" data-tcolor=\"#933100\">Jakob von Uexk&uuml;ll<\/a>) has been described thus: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&quot;Uexk&uuml;ll's theory provides <em>signs <\/em>and <em>rules<\/em>; it thus aspires to become the kind of life science as well as the kind of sign science that Peirce called nomological and that Piaget calls <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;nomothetic&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;concerned with general patterns and norms, with laws(often contrasted with ideographic)&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/nomothetic\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">nomothetic<\/a>.&quot;<\/p>\n<cite>Winthrop-Young, 2010<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sources_cited\"><\/span>Sources cited:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cavaill&egrave;s, J. (1942\/2021). <em><strong>On Logic and the Theory of Science<\/strong><\/em> (R. Mackay &amp; K. Peden, Trans.). Falmouth, Cornwall: Urbanomic Meida Ltd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bransen, J. (2001). <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;verstehen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;a German term relating to interpretive understanding, and often contrasted to &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;erkl&auml;ren&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt; which refers to causal explanation, which is sometimes used to describe a research tradition or stance&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/verstehen\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">Verstehen<\/a> and <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;erkl&auml;ren&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;a German term relating to causal explanation, and often contrasted to&nbsp;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;verstehen&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt; which refers to interpretive understanding, which is sometimes used to describe a research tradition or stance&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/erklaren\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">erkl&auml;ren<\/a>, philosophy of. In N. J. Smelser &amp; P. B. Baltes (Eds.), <strong><em>International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences<\/em><\/strong>. (pp. 16165-16170). Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Danziger, K. (1995). Neither science nor history. <em>Psychological Enquiry<\/em>, 6(115-117).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Taber, K. S. (2013).&nbsp;<strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/publications\/books\/classroom-based-research-and-evidence-based-practice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Classroom-based Research and Evidence-based Practice: An introduction<\/a> (2nd ed.).&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>London: Sage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Winthrop-Young, G. (2010). Afterword Bubbles and webs: a backdoor stroll through the readings of Uexk&uuml;ll. In <strong>A Foray into the Worlds of Animals; with, A Theory of Meaning<\/strong> (pp. 209-243). University of Minnesota Press.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:15% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/publications\/books\/classroom-based-research-and-evidence-based-practice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"281\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/science-education-research.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/CbREbP-2-2013-cover.png?resize=281%2C400&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1094 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/science-education-research.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/CbREbP-2-2013-cover.png?w=281&amp;ssl=1 281w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/science-education-research.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/CbREbP-2-2013-cover.png?resize=211%2C300&amp;ssl=1 211w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 281px) 85vw, 281px\"\/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>My introduction to educational research:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Taber, K. S. (2013).&nbsp;<strong><em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/publications\/books\/classroom-based-research-and-evidence-based-practice\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1093\" target=\"_blank\">Classroom-based Research and Evidence-based Practice: An introduction<\/a> (2nd ed.).&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>London: Sage.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A topic in <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;methodology&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Methodology, in everyday terms is, the way we go about somethingResearch methodologies are general strategies for carrying out research, such as experiments, surveys and so forth. Research methodologies generally guide both how data is collected, and how it is analysed.&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Read about research m&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;ethodology&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/methodology\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">research methodology<\/a> A <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;nomothetic&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;concerned with general patterns and norms, with laws(often contrasted with ideographic)&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/nomothetic\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">nomothetic<\/a> research <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;paradigm&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The term paradigm is used with several somewhat different meanings: \tas an example, especially an exemplar which is used as a model in teaching&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt; \tas a specific type of experimental research design (mainly used in this sense in psychology)&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt; \tas a research tradition, encompassing various broad commitments (this meaning is also sometimes described as a disciplinary matrix)&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;Visit web-page: Paradigms&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/paradigm\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">paradigm<\/a> Research in one of the major traditions, or <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;paradigm&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The term paradigm is used with several somewhat different meanings: \tas an example, especially an exemplar which is used as a model in teaching&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt; \tas a specific type of experimental research design (mainly used in this sense in psychology)&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt; \tas a research tradition, encompassing various broad commitments (this meaning is also sometimes described as a disciplinary matrix)&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;Visit web-page: Paradigms&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/paradigm\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">paradigms<\/a>, of research is often referred to as <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;nomothetic&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;concerned with general patterns and norms, with laws(often contrasted with ideographic)&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/nomothetic\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">nomothetic<\/a>. &quot;<a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;nomothetic&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;concerned with general patterns and norms, with laws(often contrasted with ideographic)&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/nomothetic\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">Nomothetic<\/a> research looks for general patterns and rules that once discovered will be expected to be widely applicable; whereas <a class=\"glossaryLink cmtt_Site glossary\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;idiographic&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;concerned with the individual case - research that seeks to learn about the individual as a complex entity in its own termsidiographic research values the individuality of specific examples, often contrasted with nomothetic research which looks for the typical patterns (and ideally &amp;#039;laws&amp;#039;)Visit web-page: Idiographic research&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/reference\/site-glossary\/ideographic\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" data-bgcolor=\"#e8e8e8\" data-tcolor=\"#73874d\">idiographic<\/a> research recognises value in exploring the idiosyncrasies of the &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/research-methodology\/paradigms\/nomothetic-research\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> \"Nomothetic research\"<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":3705,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3713","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3713","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3713"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23504,"href":"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3713\/revisions\/23504"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3705"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-education-research.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}