An example of metaphor in a scientist's writing
"Because science and philosophy represent the highest branches of mental activity, and serve as the dynamometers for human spiritual energy, it is clear why civilised nations exhibit noble pride in their philosophers, mathematicians, physicists, naturalists, and inventors…"
Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1999). Advice for a Young Investigator. The MIT Press. (Translation of 4th Spanish Edition, 1916)
The dynamometer used as a metaphor here. But scientists do not recognise a form of energy known as spiritual energy, so this seems to also be a metaphorical term,
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Many examples of science metaphors are listed in 'Creative comparisons: Making science familiar through language. An illustrative catalogue of figurative comparisons and analogies for science concepts'. Free Download.