An analogy used to explain a scientific idea:
"Finally, our author…censures Timocharis with regard to two stars, namely, Arista Virginis, and the star which is the most northerly of the three in the brow of Scorpio, on the ground that for the former star Timocharis's calculation fell short, and for the latter was excessive. But here our author commits a childish blunder. … Thus our author thought that in the one case the computation was deficient by the amount by which in the other case it was excessive, as though this irregularity were inherent in the observations, or as though the road from Athens to Thebes were not the same as the road from Thebes to Athens."
Copernicus, N. (1959) The Letter against Werner (1524, Translated by. E. Rosen), in Three Copernican Treatises (Ed. E. Rosen) Dover Publications (pp.91-106).
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Many examples of science analogies are listed in 'Creative comparisons: Making science familiar through language. An illustrative catalogue of figurative comparisons and analogies for science concepts'. Free Download.