ions with eight outer shell electrons are more stable than the neutral atoms

An example of an alternative conception.

Learners commonly think that species with full outer shells, or outer shell octets of electrons (which is the same thing in period 2), have a special stability, such that ions with full outer shells or outer shell octets of electrons will be more stable than the corresponding atoms.

Usually, however, the neutral species is more stable, and ionisation energy is needed to remove an electron from a neutral atom.

Read: Conceptions of chemical stability

Read: Conceptions of the octet rule

Author: Keith

Former school and college science teacher, teacher educator, research supervisor, and research methods lecturer. Emeritus Professor of Science Education at the University of Cambridge.