phrenology is like the astronomy of Copernicus

An example of an analogy to a scientific idea:

"Typically, Robert Chalmers wrote: 'To me, Phrenology appears to bear the same relation to the doctrine of even the most recent metaphysicians [as] Copernican astronomy bears to the system of Ptolemy'."

Cooter, R. (1984). The Cultural Meaning of Popular Science. Phrenology and the organization of consent in nineteenth-century Britain. Cambridge University Press.

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Phrenology involved the 'reading' of features of personality from the shape of a person's skull (believed to reflect the relative development of different underlying brain faculties.)

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Phrenology was at one time a widely respected 'science', although it would today be seen as a pseudoscience or alternative conceptual framework.

Author: Keith

Former school and college science teacher, teacher educator, research supervisor, and research methods lecturer. Emeritus Professor of Science Education at the University of Cambridge.