a plant is like an animal turned upside down

Share This
« Back to Index

Categories: Comparisons

An historical example of an analogy used to explain science:

"The ground is the STOMACH of plants, the root is their VESSELS THAT CARRY CHYLE, the trunk is their BONES, the leaves are their LUNGS,and heat is their HEART; for this reason, a plant was called, by the ancients, an animal turned upside down.

Long ago, a plant was called an animal turned upside down; it draws juice, by means of its root, from very small particles of earth, as if by lacteal vessels; and that goes up through the rigid stem; in the branching of the latter, the genitals sprout forth. 
Plants have no heart, but heat does it all; and there is no need of a heart where an effect of perpetual motion is not necessary, and there is propulsion, not circulation, of liquids. 
The leaves, which are set in motion and keep breathing, correspond in this way to the lungs; but in themselves they are really analogous to a muscle, even though they are not fixed by the tail as in animals, since voluntary motion cannot occur in them."

Carl Linnæus

Carl Linnæus (1751), Philosophia Botanica (translated by Stephen Freer)

Read about analogy in science

Read examples of scientific analogies

[Please be aware that a word may have different nuances, or even a different meaning, according to context.]« Back to Index

Author: Keith

Former school and college science teacher, teacher educator, research supervisor, and research methods lecturer. Emeritus Professor of Science Education at the University of Cambridge.