confounding variable

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a variable that could have an effect on the observed/measured outcome (dependent variable) that is not the variable being deliberately changed (independent variable)

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Are physics teachers unaware of the applications of physics to other sciences?
Can we be sure that fun in the sun alters water chemistry?
Confounding variables
Delusions of educational impact
Didactic control conditions

expectancy effect
novelty effect

Author: Keith

Former school and college science teacher, teacher educator, research supervisor, and research methods lecturer. Emeritus Professor of Science Education at the University of Cambridge. View all posts by Keith