occult

Occult means hiddden, but is a term widely used to refer to magical practices ('the occult') which fall outside normal natural effects.

Monty Python

Monty Python was not a real person*.

Monty Python's Flying Circus. Python was a group of comedians who wrote and performed a comedy sketch show for the BBC (and later films and stage shows). Their work was considered very original at the time – it often had philosophical underpinning, lampooned class distinctions and norms, and broke with the usual conventions of the medium (such as having a false ending to an episode that mimicked the transition to the next programme, or stopping a sketch and transitioning to the next without the expected niceties).

* Part of the reason given for choosing the name was that there was no such person as Monty Python (along with: it had nothing to do with flying, and it was not a circus).

uncertainty principle

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle refers to what is believed to be a fundamental limit to the precision allowed in certain measurements. For example, the more precisely the position of an electron is determined the greater the uncertainty in a measurement of its momentum (and vice versa). This is sometimes explained in terms of how detection of the electron will require interaction with a photon – an interaction which will modify the state of the electron. (Although this is so, the uncertainly is thought to be fundamental feature of nature – not just something revealed in making measurements.)

Although the effect is only significant in measures at a very fine scale, the idea is often transferred to notions of social research along the lines that the any kind of measurement will change what is being measured.

V.L.E.

V.L.E. sands for virtual learning environment. A V.L.E. is a web-based tool for use on a course or programme of study. Typically it comprises of a means to share information and access course materials, and offers a range of tools such as user blogs, groups meeting spaces, shared glossaries, facilities to submit assignments…

empiricism

empiricism is the doctrine where ideas are tested against experience (cf. rationalism). Science is considered 'empirical' as theories are developoed through and tested by empirical investigations.