validity

Validity in research refers to the extent to which an instrument measures what it is claimed to measure. When a study uses a novel research instrument, the researchers are normally expected to produce evidence of its validity.

Read about validity

ORCID

ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) is a unique identifier assigned to a researcher. Many journals now require authors to have an ORCID. A researcher will have the same ORCID even if different journals style their name differently (or their name changes) and different researchers with the same name will have different ORCIDs.

G.C.S.E.

G.C.S.E. stands for General Certificate of Secondary Education – and is the normal examination taken by c.16 year old students at the end of compulsory secondary school in England. Students normally take GCSE examinations In English, Mathematics and Science/sciences as well as several other subjects.

rationalist

someone who takes a position that knowledge is accessible directly by applying reason (often opposed to empiricists who see experience as the main source for knowledge)