RSC

The Royal Society of Chemistry is a learned society and professional membership organisation for those working in the chemical sciences (including chemistry education). It has its primary presence in the UK and Eire (the islands of Britain and Ireland), but has an international membership. It is also a leading international academic publisher in chemistry and cognate subjects.

NASA

NASA is the United State's National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA was responsible for  American space exporation  missions like Mercury, Gemini, Apollo (which took people to visit the moon and collect scientific data and samples), the Space Shuttle, Skylab (an orbitiing space station – a precursor of the ISS [Inernational Space Station]) and Pioneer and Voyager probes which collected data form other planets. NASA is funded by the United States government.

umwelt

The world as experienced by a particular organism – its sensory world. (The term is taken from the work of Jakob von Uexküll .)

underdetermination

Scientific theories and laws are always undetermined by the available data: that is, there is never sufficient data to be absolutely saw that the scientific account always applies just as we think. New data can lead to changes in established scientific ideas (such as the now discredited idea that information only moves one way from D.N.A. to R.N.A. to protein).

bracketing

Bracketing is a technique or process derived from phenomenological approaches to research/analysis where one is required to suspect judgement about research foci – that is to put aside preconceptions, such as widely accepted common-sense notions about their nature.

S.I.

The internationally agreed system of units (Système International d'Unités) used by scientists around the world to ensure clear communication of results.

British Science Association

The current name for the British Association for the Advancement of Science (founded 1831) which was a major organisation for the organisation and public dissemination of science in Britain. It's annual meetings (now festivals of science)   attracted much media attention. The famous/infamous debate about Charles Darwin's work – often presented as a face-off between Darwin's ('bulldog') supporter Thomas Huxley and Bishop 'Soapy' Samuel Wilberforce – took pace at one such meeting (in 1860).

Renaissance

The Renaissance is a period in European history (15th-16th Centuries) which traditionally is considered to bridge between the medieval period ('middle ages), and the modern period (with the birth of modern science). Renaissance means 're-birth' and was thought to reflect the rediscover of earlier aesthetic and humanist values after the so-called 'dark ages' of the medieval period. This distinction is now considered over-simplistic.

vitalism

vitalism is the once-common belief that living things were different from inanimate objects as they had some innate life-force that was distinct form the forces studies in the physical sciences