- Al-Biruni
- al-Kindi, Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Ishaq
- Rhazes
- al-Rāzī, Abū Bakr
- Aleksandrov, Aleksandr
- Alfred Russel Wallace
- Ayer, A. J.
- Bachelard, Gaston
- Bertalanffy, Ludwig von
- Neils Bohr
- Bohr, Neils
- Bruner, Jerome
- Bunge, Mario
- Butterfield, Herbert
- Cassirer, Ernst
- Cavaillés, Jean
- Copernicus, Nicolaus
- Crookes, William
- Curie, Marie
- Darwin, Charles
- Einstein, Albert
- Ernst Mach
- Faraday, Michael
- Feyerabend, Paul
- Feynman, Richard
- Fleck, Ludwik
- Flood, Robert
- Bartlett, Frederic C.
- Gamow, George
- Gerovitch, Slava
- Gilbert, William
- Helmholtz, Hermann von
- Holden, Alan
- Hooke, Robert
- Hoyle, Fred
- Hume, David
- Hutton, James
- James, William
- Herschel, John
- George Kelly
- Kelly, George
- Kepler, Johannes
- Kircher, Athanasius
- Kuhn, Thomas
- Lakatos, Imre
- Lillian McDermott Medal
- Monty Python
- Moore, Patrick
- Moseley, Henry
- Newton, Isaac
- Pasteur, Louis
- Pavlov, Ivan
- Piaget, Jean
- Planck, Max
- Poincaré, Henri
- Ptolemy, Claudius
- Rutherford, Ernest
- Thomson, J. J.
- Uexküll, Jakob von
- van Leeuwenhoek, Antonie
- Villemin, Jean-Antoine
- von Uexküll, Jacob
- Vygotsky, Lev
- Watt, James
- Weyl, Hermann
- Wittgenstein, Ludwig
